Smart Materials and Their Properties

Science and Technology · 10 questions

Explore the key properties and working principles of smart materials, alloys, ceramics, and composites.

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1. What triggers a color change in a thermochromic material?

   1. Mechanical stress
   2. Temperature change
   3. Magnetic field
   4. Electrical voltage
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   B) Temperature change

2. What electrical property does a superconducting material exhibit below its critical temperature?

   1. High electrical resistance
   2. Constant electrical resistance
   3. Zero electrical resistance
   4. High but nonzero electrical conductivity
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   C) Zero electrical resistance

3. In a composite, which component surrounds and holds fibers together?

   1. Matrix
   2. Surface treatment
   3. Filler
   4. Coating
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   A) Matrix

4. Which class of metallic materials is known for the shape-memory effect?

   1. Shape-memory alloys
   2. Magnesium alloys
   3. Cast irons
   4. Amorphous metallic glasses
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   A) Shape-memory alloys

5. In the direct piezoelectric effect, what output results when a crystal is mechanically stressed?

   1. Permanent temperature rise
   2. Electric charge
   3. Light emission
   4. Magnetic pole
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   B) Electric charge

6. Which property allows alumina ceramic (Al₂O₃) to be used as an electrical insulator?

   1. Low electrical conductivity
   2. Ion transport in the liquid state
   3. High electrical conductivity
   4. High magnetic permeability
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   A) Low electrical conductivity

7. Which effect explains a voltage between two thermoelectric junctions at different temperatures?

   1. Hall effect
   2. Peltier effect
   3. Joule effect
   4. Seebeck effect
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   D) Seebeck effect

8. What stimulus is applied to change the light transmission of electrochromic glass?

   1. Magnetic field
   2. Sound wave
   3. Mechanical pressure
   4. Electrical voltage
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   D) Electrical voltage

9. In carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, what term describes properties that vary with direction?

   1. Glass transition
   2. Isotropy
   3. Anisotropy
   4. Ductile yielding
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   C) Anisotropy

10. Which alloy class consists mainly of copper and zinc and contains no nickel?

    1. Duralumin
    2. Brass
    3. Nickel silver
    4. Bronze
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    B) Brass