The Underground Map of Karst

Geography · 10 questions

Ten multiple-choice questions on limestone landforms, caves and groundwater in karst terrains.

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1. Which acid is the primary chemical agent of limestone karstification?

   1. Carbonic acid
   2. Sulfuric acid
   3. Hydrochloric acid
   4. Cyanic acid
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   A) Carbonic acid

2. What is the general term for cave formations such as stalactites and stalagmites?

   1. Cave entrance
   2. Cave chamber
   3. Speleothem
   4. Cave passage
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   C) Speleothem

3. What is the name for a broad karst depression with a flat floor?

   1. Doline
   2. Tower karst
   3. Uvala
   4. Polje
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   D) Polje

4. Which type of karst aquifer carries most water through large conduits?

   1. Fractured aquifer
   2. Porous aquifer
   3. Conduit aquifer
   4. Diffuse aquifer
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   C) Conduit aquifer

5. What is the term for a karst opening where surface water flows underground?

   1. Vauclusian spring
   2. Ponor
   3. Karren
   4. Uvala
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   B) Ponor

6. Which karst opening can take in or discharge water as the water level changes?

   1. Ponor
   2. Vauclusian spring
   3. Estavelle
   4. Doline
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   C) Estavelle

7. Which zone has rock openings completely filled with water?

   1. Regolith zone
   2. Vadose zone
   3. Epikarst zone
   4. Phreatic zone
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   D) Phreatic zone

8. What are small solution grooves on limestone surfaces called?

   1. Karren
   2. Polje
   3. Estavelle
   4. Stalagmite
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   A) Karren

9. Which process forms travertine and calcareous tufa in karst settings?

   1. Calcium carbonate precipitation
   2. Silica precipitation
   3. Iron oxide precipitation
   4. Alluvial deposition
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   A) Calcium carbonate precipitation

10. Which feature most facilitates rapid contaminant transport in karst aquifers?

    1. High clay content
    2. Large conduits
    3. Thick soil cover
    4. Low fracture density
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    B) Large conduits