Building Arguments and Debates

Education · 10 questions

Questions on logical structure, evidence, and distinctions in reasoning.

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1. What element represents the move from premises to a conclusion in an argument?

   1. Premise
   2. Inference
   3. Conclusion
   4. Evidence
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   B) Inference

2. Which type of reasoning guarantees the conclusion when the premises are true and the argument is valid?

   1. Induction
   2. Deduction
   3. Analogy
   4. Abduction
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   B) Deduction

3. If an argument is valid but has false premises, which quality does it lack?

   1. Objectivity
   2. Consistency
   3. Validity
   4. Soundness
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   D) Soundness

4. Raw measurements collected by researchers in an experiment are what type of source?

   1. Primary source
   2. Encyclopedia entry
   3. Textbook
   4. Review article
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   A) Primary source

5. Which statistical concept describes the magnitude of an observed effect?

   1. Sample size
   2. Confidence interval
   3. P-value
   4. Effect size
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   D) Effect size

6. In the Toulmin model, what is the reasoning rule that connects data to a claim called?

   1. Data
   2. Warrant
   3. Claim
   4. Rebuttal
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   B) Warrant

7. If a third factor influences both variables in an observed relationship, what is that factor called?

   1. Mediating variable
   2. Independent variable
   3. Confounding variable
   4. Dependent variable
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   C) Confounding variable

8. Which fallacy attacks the person making an argument instead of addressing the argument?

   1. Straw man
   2. False dilemma
   3. Ad hominem
   4. Circular reasoning
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   C) Ad hominem

9. Which type of reasoning seeks the hypothesis that best explains the observations?

   1. Abduction
   2. Induction
   3. Deduction
   4. Analogy
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   A) Abduction

10. Which fallacy distorts an opposing view to make it easier to refute?

    1. Circular reasoning
    2. False dilemma
    3. Straw man
    4. Slippery slope
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    C) Straw man